Privatized vs. Community-Based Neighborhood Governance in the Context of Economic Renovation in Vietnam: Case Study of Ho Chi Minh City
Abstract
Rapid economic growth, as a result of economic reforms, has commonly brought unintended outcomes of increasing socio-spatial differentiation and unequal neighborhood development in post-socialist cities. Through two case studies in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam each corresponding to a residential area with adverse socio-economic conditions, this paper argues that since economic renovation began in the country in 1986, coupled with the housing segregation in urban development, neighborhood governance has become increasingly differentiated with the emergence of the private sector and more active communities as well as civil society organizations in dealing with neighborhood issues. Their level of involvement and effectiveness in governing the neighborhood depends on the background of the communities and the loosening role of local government. Although more privatized neighborhood governance brings better quality to urban neighborhoods in association with better socio-economic conditions for the residents, the level of the residents’ participation in neighborhood governance and the sense of community in such cases is weaker than that in the case of a community-based approach, which results in poorer neighborhood conditions due to the lower socio-economic profile of the residents.
Downloads
References
Allen, J. and Cars, G. (2001). Multiculturalism and governing neighborhood. Urban Studies, 38(12), 2195-2209.
Blinnikov, M., Shanin, A., Sobolev, N. and Volkova, L. (2006). Gated communities of the Moscow green belt: newly segregated landscapes and the suburban Russian environment. Geo Journal, 66, 65-81.
Clapham, D. (1995). Privatization and the East European housing model. Urban Studies, 32(4-5), 679-694.
Dang, H. (2006-a). What is Doi Moi? Where does it start? In Vietnam - 20 years of Doi Moi (pp.13-31). Hanoi: National Politics Publishing House (Vietnamese language).
Dang, N.V. (2006-b). Market-based economy guided by socialist ideology. In Vietnam - 20 years of Doi Moi (pp.101-112). Hanoi: National Politics Publishing House (Vietnamese language).
Daniell, J. and Struyk, R. (1997). The evolving housing market in Moscow: Indicators of housing reform. Urban Studies, 34(2), 235-254.
Davies, W.K.D. and Herbert, D.T. (1993). Communities within cities: An urban social geography. London: Belhaven Press.
DOC (Department of Construction) (1996). Investigation data of housing on and along innercity canals. Ho Chi Minh city: Project Management Unit of Building Investment and Construction (Vietnamese language).
Docherty, I. et al. (2001). Civic culture, community and citizen participation in contrasting neighborhoods. Urban Studies, 38(12), 2225-2250.
Downs, A. (1981). Neighborhoods and urban development. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
DPI (Department of Planning and Investment of Ho Chi Minh city) (2006). Economic overview – FDI. Retrieved on September 03, 2007 from http://www.dpi.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/invest/html/eco3.html
Galster, G. (2001). On the nature of neighborhood. Urban Studies, 38(12), 2111-2124.
Grant, E. (2001). Social capital and community strategies: Neighborhood development in Guatemala City. Development and Change, 32, 975-997.
Hallman, H.W. (1984). Neighborhoods: their place in urban life. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
HCMC PC (Ho Chi Minh city’s People’s Committee) (2004). Research of master plans of Ho Chi Minh City. Final report. (Vietnamese language)
Howell, J. (1994). Refashioning state-society relations in China. The European Journal of Development Research, 6(1), 197-215.
Jones, J.F. and Xu, Q. (2002). Grassroots organization and community development: Evaluating the Chinese urban neighborhood committee. Regional Development Studies, 8, 99-117.
Kearn, A. and Parkinson, M. (2001). The significance of neighborhood. Urban Studies, 38(12), 2103-2110.
Kich, N.V. et al. (2006). Phu My Hung – Sustainable urban development. Ho Chi Minh city: General Publishing House of HCMC (Vietnamese language).
Kovacs, Z. (1998). Ghettoization or gentrification? Post-socialist scenarios for Budapest. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 13, 63-81.
Luan, T.D. and Vinh, N.Q. (2001). Socio-economic impacts of “Doi Moi” on urban housing in Vietnam. Hanoi: Social Sciences Publishing House.
Mattner, M. (2004). Power to the people? Local governance and politics in Vietnam. Environment and Urbanization, 16(1), 121-127.
Meegan, R. and Mitchell, A. (2001). ‘It’s not community round here, it’s neighborhood’: Neighborhood change and cohesion in urban regeneration policies. Urban Studies, 38(12), 2167-2194.
MOC (Ministry of Construction) (2004). Orientation for housing development until 2020. Hanoi: Construction Publishing House (Vietnamese language).
Morris, D. and Hess, K. (1975). Neighborhood power. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
Palda, K. (1997). Czech privatization and corporate governance. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 30(1), 83-93.
Phuong, D.N. (2006). Economic growth together with improving social fairness. In Vietnam - 20 years of Doi Moi (pp.342-351). Hanoi: National Politics Publishing House (Vietnamese language).
Purdue, D. (2001). Neighborhood governance: Leadership, trust and social capital. Urban Studies, 38(12), 2211-2224.
Quan, L.T.T. (2006). The impacts of FDI on income distribution in Vietnam, 1990-2000. Netherlands: Institute of Social Studies (The Hague).
Quy, N.D. (2006). 20 years of Doi Moi – Achievements and issues evolved. In Vietnam - 20 years of Doi Moi (pp.580-590). Hanoi: National Politics Publishing House (Vietnamese language).
Ruoppila, S. and Kahrik, A. (2003). Socio-economic residential differentiation in postsocialist Tallinn. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 18, 49-73.
Stoyanov, P. and Frantz, K. (2006). Gated communities in Bulgaria: Interpreting a new trend in post-communist urban development. Geo Journal, 66, 57-63.
Townshend, I. J. (2006). From public neighborhoods to multi-tier private neighborhoods: The evolving ecology of neighborhood privatization in Calgary. Geo Journal, 66, 103-120.
Trong, N.P. (2006). Doi Moi tasks – Review to go ahead. In Vietnam - 20 years of Doi Moi (pp.32-47). Hanoi: National Politics Publishing House (Vietnamese language).
Waibel, M., Eckert, R., Bose, M., and Martin,V. (2007). Housing for low-income groups in Ho Chi Minh City between re-integration and fragmentation. Asien, 103, 59-78.
Wang, Y.P. and Murie, A. (1999). Commercialization housing development in urban China. Urban Studies, 36(9), 1475-1494.
Wu, F. (2001). China’s recent urban development in the process of land and housing marketization and economic globalization. Habitat International, 25, 273-289.
Wu, F. (2002). Socio-spatial differentiation in urban China: Evidence from Shanghai’s real estate markets. Environment and Planning A, 34, 1591-1615.
Copyright (c) 2016 National Research Council of Thailand
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The article published and information contained in this journal such as text, graphics, logos and images is copyrighted by and proprietary to the National Research Council of Thailand.
The article will be published under a CC-BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org). This license means that anyone may freely read, download, distribute and make the article available to the public (in printed and electronic form), provided that the author and the journal as the source are acknowledged, whereas no commercial use is allowed and the work may not be altered, transformed or serve as the basis for a derivative work.
